A common and costly mistake is to create one passport per battery model or per production batch and reuse it for every physical unit. Article 77(1) of Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 requires a battery passport for each individual battery that is placed on the market or put into service. The passport is tied to a specific physical battery through a unique identifier, not to an abstract product model.
Why one-per-battery is unavoidable
Much of the data the passport must carry is unit-specific and changes over the life of a single battery: its state of health, its current owner or status, repurposing or recycling events. A shared model-level record cannot represent these item-level facts, which is why the regulation fixes granularity at the individual battery.
| Data layer | Same across model? | Belongs to |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry, nominal capacity, manufacturer | Yes | Model-static data |
| Unique identifier, date placed on market | No | Item-static data |
| State of health, status, lifecycle events | No | Item-dynamic data |
A correct design lets model-level data be authored once and inherited, while still issuing a distinct passport — with its own ISO/IEC 15459 identifier and URL — for every physical battery. Repurposing forks a new linked passport; recycling ends the passport. None of this is expressible with a single shared record.
- One unique identifier per physical battery (ISO/IEC 15459).
- One immutable passport URL per battery, kept reachable for the retention period.
- Item-dynamic data updated over the life of that specific battery.
- Model-static data authored once and reused, not flattened into a single passport.
Frequently asked
Can I use one battery passport for a whole model or batch?
No. Article 77(1) of Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 requires a battery passport for each individual battery. A passport shared across a model or batch is non-compliant.
Does authoring data per model mean I need separate data entry per battery?
No. Model-static data such as chemistry and nominal capacity can be authored once and inherited by every unit. Each physical battery still gets its own passport, unique identifier and item-level life-cycle record.