Article 77 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 is the provision that establishes the battery passport. Article 77(1) requires that, from 18 February 2027, each LMT battery, industrial battery with a capacity greater than 2 kWh, and electric vehicle battery placed on the market or put into service has an electronic record — a battery passport — that corresponds to each individual battery. The passport must be unique to a single physical battery, not a model, type, or lot.
Article 77(1) makes the passport per individual battery. A single passport covering a model or a production lot does not satisfy the requirement.
Article 77 also sets the rules for who may access, enter, and update passport data, links the passport to a unique identifier and QR code, and requires the data to remain available even after the responsible economic operator ceases to exist.